علم الصيدلة

عضو سوبر

معلومات عن علم الصيدلة

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

بعض المعلومات البسيطة عن علم الصيدلة كمعلومات عامة لغير المتخصصين .بعد ذلك سأدخل في التخصص أكثر إن شاءالله ..

Pharmacy:

The art or practice of preparing and preserving drugs, and of
compounding and dispensing medicines according to prescriptions of
physicians; the occupation of an apothecary or a pharmaceutical chemist.

الصيدلة هي فن أو ممارسة تحضير وحفظ الأدوية , وظيفة الصيدلي هي تركيب وصرف الأدوية طبقاً لوصفة الطبيب ..

طبعاً هذا المفهوم تغير الآن لأنه علم الصيدلة تشعب وتفرع وبرزت فروع جديدة منه ..

نموذج لمنهج دراسي في كليات الصيدلة :

PHARMACY SYLLABUS OUTLINE

First Year

First Term:

1101 – Physics (2 + 3)
الفيزياء

Heat, geometrical optics, physical optics, electricity, modern physics.

1201- Principles of Mathematics مبادئ الرياضيات

Algebra, linear equations & curve fitting, analytical geometry,
probability & statistics, calculus including differentiation,
integration & differential equations.

1401- Zoology (2 + 3) علم الحيوان

Life, chemical composition of protoplasm; importance; physical
characteristics of protoplasm. Cell division. Mammalian physiology;
Nutrition, digestion, metabolism, circulation, respiration, excretion,
chemical and nervous coordination.

Principles of Taxonomy.
Structure, biology and life cycle of the following phyta: Protozoo,
Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes, Annelida and Arthopoda.

1501 – Pharm. Physical Chemistry (2 + 3) الكيمياء الفيزيائية الصيدلية

Liquid, solid, solutes of nonelectrolytes and electrolytes. Colligative
properties, colloids, thermochemistry and thermodynamics.

1509 – Pharm. General Chemistry الكيمياء العامة الصيدلية

Equilibria Buffer , solubility products, complex ions, chemical bonding
and introduction to organic reactions (alkanes, stereochemistry,
unsaturated compounds).

1607 – English Language ( 2 + 0) اللغة الانجليزية

Part I : Basic study skills using symbols, abbreviations, words

parts, flow diagram, graphs, flow charts, tables, note

taking, understanding bibliography.

Part 2 : Integration and consolidation of basic study skills.

Second Term:

1102–Pharmaceutical and medical terminology (1+0) تسميات صيدلية وطبية

Definition of Pharmaceutical and Medical terms used in Pharmacy practice.

1202- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I(2 +3) الكيمياء العضوية الصيدلية ( 1)

Alkynes and conjugated dienes – Alkyl halides and neucleophilic
substitutions – aromaticity and electrophilic substitutions – alcohols –
ethers and phenols.

1204 – Computer (1+3) الحاسب الآلي

Introduction to computer, hardware & software, types, units,
computer numerical system (DOS, UNIX, XENIX), windows, programs,
programming through language, computer applications in pharmacy.

1302 – Botany and Medicinal Plants (2+3) النبات والنباتات الطبية
Taxonomical characteristics of the important plant
families. Plant cell differentiation and cell content. General
macroscopical and microscopical characteristics of the morphological
groups (leaf, flower, seed, fruit,… etc.)

1402 – Antomy
and Histology (3+3) التشريح والهستولوجيا
Skeleton and joints, cardiovascular system,
respiratory system, digestive system, urogenital system, CNS and
endocrine system.

The cell. The epithelium, the connective
tissue proper, blood, cartilage, muscular tissue, nervous tissue, the
cardiovascular system, lymphatic system and the digestive tube.

1502 – Pharmaceutical analytical chemistry I (2+3) الكيمياء التحليلية
الصيدلية (1) Qualitative analysis for certain pharmaceutical inorganic
salts and their mixtures.

SECOND YEAR

First Semester

2103-Introduction to pharmaceutics (2+3) مقدمة علم الصيدلانيات

Survey of the professional pharmacy, dealing with it’s history,
educational requirement, organization, regulation and current
developments.

Introduction to prescription terminology and
pharmacy calculations, emphasis on measurement systems, conversion,
percentage preparations, calculation of doses, dilutions,
milliequivalents and millimoles.

2205- Pharmaceutical
organic chemistry II (3+3) الكيمياء العضوية الصيدلية (3)
Nitrocompounds, amines, diazonium salts, amino acids &
Aldehydes and keto phenols and quinines, carboxylic acid and their
derivatives arylhalides.

2301 – Pharmacognosy I (2+3) عقاقير (1)

ٍStudy of the important drugs derived from barks, woods, leaves,
flowers and seeds, (official definition, cultivation, collection,
diagnostic characteristics. Active constituents, chemical tests and
uses), qualitative chemical tests.

2403 – Physiology I (2+0) فسيولوجيا

Introduction to physiology, Blood, Autonomic nervous system, Excitable tissues, Renal system, Central nervous system.

2405 - First Aids (1+0) إسعاف أولي
Surgical first
aids, wounds, hemorrhage, shock, burns, fractures, bandaging, acute
emergencies, syringes, their uses and practical applications.

2503 - Pharmaceutical analytical chemistry II (2+3) الكيمياء التحليلية الصيدلية (2)

An introduction to quantitative analysis, gravimetry, volumetry including neutralization, precipitation and complexametry.

Second Semester
2104- Physical Pharmacy (3+3) صيدلة فيزيائية

The application of physical chemistry principles to pharmaceutics: a
fundamental introduction to solid, semisolid and liquid dosage forms,
including powders, true solutions , colloids, suspensions, emulsions and
semisolids.

2114 – Library & drug information (1+0)مكتبة ومصادر معلومات

Spectrum, types, handling of questions, information resources,
literature evaluation, establishment of DIPC, sources, computerized drug
information retrieval systems, internet, references, medical letters,
study designs and clinical trails, professional literature.

2206 – Pharmaceutical organic chemistry III (3+3) الكيمياء العضوية
الصيدلية (3) Carbohydrates, polynuclear compounds,
Alicyclic compounds, spectroscopic methods for structure elucidation.

2306 – Pharmacognosy II(2+3) عقاقير (2)

Study of the important drugs derived from fruits, herbs, subterranean
organs. Active constituents medicinal uses and qualitative chemical
test. Unorganized drugs, surgical dressings and sutures. Diagnostic
macro- and microscopical characteristics.

2404 – Physiology II (2+0)

Cardiovascular system, Gastrointestinal system, Endocrine system, Reproductive system and Respiratory system.

2408 – Biostatistics (1+0)
إحصاء حيوي

Introduction , collection of data, graphical and mathematical
presentation of data. Measure of central tendency and of dispersion.
Interpretation of results. Regulation and special senses

2504 – Pharmaceutical analytical chemistry III (2+3)
الكيمياء التحليلية الصيدلية (3)

Redox reaction and their application to quantitative analysis. Water and lipid analysis.

THIRD YEAR

First Semester:

3105 – Drug Dosage Forms (3+3)
دراسة الأشكال الصيدلية

Formulation and quality control aspects of tablets, suppositories, sterile liquid products and semisolid products.

3109 – Principles of Marketing in Pharmacy (2+0)
أساسيات التسويق الصيدلي

Understanding the environment of marketing in pharmacy, strategic
planning for markets winning, analyzing marketing opportunities,
analyzing customer behavior and customer satisfaction, developing new
products, product life cycle and managing life-cycle strategies.

3115 – Psychology & Behavioral Sciences (1+0)
سلوكيات وعلم نفس

Contemporary psychology, psychology processes, intelligence,
personality, developmental psychology, behavior dynamics, group
problems, mental health. Conflicts. Frustration & psychoses.

3307 – Evaluation of Crude Drugs (2+3)
تقييم العقاقير الخام

Concept and methods of crude drug evaluation, microscopical
physico-chemical, chromatographic , spectroscopic methods, General
biosynthetic pathway of constituents. Microbial biotransformation.
Methods of production of medicinal plants.

3505 – Instrumental Method of Analysis (2+3)
التحليل الآلي

Use of absorption and emission spectrophotometry in quantitative
analysis. Electrochemical methods of analysis including potentiometry,
conductometry and polarography.

3703 – Pharmaceutical Microbiology I (2+3)
ميكروبيولوجيا صيدلية (1)

An introduction to general microbiology, microbial genetics to study
sterilization of pharmaceuticals and evaluation of antimicrobial agents
(Disinfectants, Antiseptics, Preservatives and Antibiotics).Industrial
microbiology.

3801 – General Biochemistry (2+3)
كيمياء حيوية عامة

Introduction to Biochemistry – Structure and function of biomolecules.
Protein structure and protein purification.. Enzyme kinetics,
specificity and Allosteric regulation. Vitamins and coenzymes . DNA and
genes, central Dogma, Gene Expression and regulation of Gene expression.

Second Term:

3106- Community Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Legislation (3+3)

صيدلة المجتمع وتشريعات صيدلية

Good dispensing practice for non-prescription (OTC) products.
Appropriate product selection, monitoring and patient information
Ethics, communications and legislations.

3108- Principles of Pharmaceutical Management (2+0)
أساسيات الإدارة الصيدلية

Patient assessment and consultation, managers and managing, decision
making and planning, motivation, leadership, groups and team work,
selling and communication process.

3208-Medicinal Chemistry I(2+3)
الكيمياء الطبية (1)

Fundamentals of medicinal chemistry and an introduction to the
physiochemical properties of drugs relative to their biological effects.

Chemical and biochemical aspects of certain drug categories
including : antiinfective agents, antineoplastics, antiviral drugs and
diagnostic agents.

3704-Pharmaceutical Microbiology II(2+3)
ميكروبيولوجيا صيدلية (2)

Review of the etiology, clinical picture and management of human
parasitic infections. A survey on the epidemiology of communicable
diseases, family planning and environmental health.

3802- Applied Biochemistry (2+3)
كيمياء حيوية تطبيقية

Overview of metabolism. Glycolysis, TCA cycle, pintos phosphate
pathway, Gluconeogenesis and Glycogen Metabolism. Regulation of
Metabolism. Diabetes Mellitus and associated Metabolic disorders.
Metabolism of lipids, lipoprotein and related disorders. Amino acid
metabolism. Porphyrin Metabolism. Enzymes of clinical importance. Non
protein nitrogenous compounds. Electrolytes, Trace elements, Nutrition.
DNA recombinant technology. Gene therapy. Medical biotechnology. Human
genome project.

FOURTH YEAR

First Semester:

4309- Phytochemistry I (2+3)
كيمياء عقاقير (1)

Different classes of bioactive constituents of crude drugs, emphasizing
the definition, classification, preparation, molecular structures,
physical and chemical characteristics, action, SAR, methods of
quantitation. Carbohydrates and glycosides, essential oils and bitter
principles, miscellaneous natural products.

4111- Principles and kinetics of drug stability(2+3)
أسس وحركية ثبات الأدوية

Routes of drug degradation, principles and kinetics of chemical
degradation. Stress stability testing. Means of prolonging shelf-life of
pharmaceutical products.

4209- Medicinal Chemistry II(2+3)
الكيمياء الطبية (2)

Chemical and Biological principles governing the properties of drugs.

Drugs categories include: drugs acting on CNS, drugs acting on the
autonomic nervous system, antihistaminics, analgesics, local anesthetics
and radiopharmaceuticals.

4407- Pharmacology I(3+3)
علم الأدوية (1)

General Principles, drugs acting at the synaptic and neuroeffector
transmission, autocoids including histamine, kinins, eicosanoids,
angiotensins, serotonin, peptides and others, local anesthetics, drug
acting on the blood and blood forming agents.

4707- Immunology and virology (2+3)
المناعة والفيروسات

A survey of the immune system with special emphasis on vaccine
development and study on the etiology, pathogenesis and management on
the etiology of cancer.

Second Semester:

4108- Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics (2+3)
الصيدلة الحيوية وحركية الدواء

Mathematical characterization of the processes of absorption,
distribution and elimination of drugs. The application of
biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics.

4210- Medicinal Chemistry III (2+3)
الكيمياء الطبية (3)

Chemical and biological aspects of certain drugs including: steroid
drugs, cardiovascular agents, gastrointestinal drugs, respiratory drugs,
diuretics, hypoglycemics, prostaglandins and vitamins.

4310- Phytochemistry II (2+3)
كيمياء عقاقير (2)

Concerned with the study of medicinal plant alkaloids, tissue culture
and cell suspension culture techniques, principles and applications of
adsorption chromatography, partition chromatography, CC, PC and TLC.

4412 - Pharmacology II (3+3)
علم الادوية (2)

Drugs affecting renal function, cardiac vascular pharmacology, Drugs
acting on the central nervous system, drugs affecting uterine motility,
analgesic antipyretic & anti-inflammatory agents, drugs in
rheumatoid arthritis & gout, drugs in bronchial asthma, drugs in
allergic disorders, drugs affecting gastrointestinal tract, cancer
chemotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents.

4416 – Biological evaluation & screening of drugs (3+3)

التقويم الحيوي والمسح الدولي

Organization of blind screening, in vitro and in vivo preparations,
screening of cholinomimetics, muscarinic blocking drugs, adrenomimetics
and antagonists, drugs affecting neuromuscular transmission, analgesics,
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, CNS drugs, cardiovascular drugs,
antiprotozoal and hormones and their autagonists.

FIFTH YEAR

First Semester:

5115 – Design and formulation of drug dosage forms (2+3)

تصميم وصياغة الأشكال الصيدلية

Principles of design and formulation problems encountered with the
different types of dosage forms. Principles of the controlled release of
drugs from polymer systems.

5221 - Electives (2+3)
مقررات إختيارية

General principles, factorial toxicology, experimental & formal
toxicology, reproductive toxicology and teratogenicity, genetic
toxicology, chemical carcinogenesis, social toxicology, clinical
toxicology, medical and drug poisoning, food, military, target organ,
environmental & industrial , radiation and forensic toxicology.

5507- Drug quality control (3+3)
رقابة دوائية

Control charts, methods assessment and selection, types of errors,
quality control of chemical drug and bioproduts, monographs (chemical,
microbiological , biological) from recent pharmacopoeiae.

2117- Pharmaceutical Technology (3+3)
تكنولوجيا صيدلية

Powder technology (Granulation and pelletization ), tabletting, tablets
and pellets coating, capsules, parenteral products, aerosols,
suppositories, semisolids (topical preparations), encopsulation,
preformulation, packaging of pharmaceutical products.

5901- Clinical pharmacy I (2+3)
صيدلة إكلينيكية (1)

Pharmaceutical care, application, interpretation of clinical data,
pathophysiol, information resources, side effects, drug induced
diseases, drug interaction and contraindication. Pharmacotherapy in
special population, clinical PCK and applications with aminoglycoside,
digoxin, theophyline, lithium and diphenylhydantion .

Second Semester:

5116-
Hospital Pharmacy (2+3)

صيدلة المستشفيات

Administrative and professional principles. Concepts and trends affecting hospital pharmacy.

5222- Elective (2+3)
مقررات اختيارية

5118- Industrial Pharmacy (3+3)
صيدلة صناعية

Introduction, quality control and GMP regulations. Unit operations
(heat transfer, evaporation, drying crystallization, filtration,
centrifugation, size reduction and separation, refrigeration,
extraction, mixing and emulsification), air purification, materials of
plant construction.

5902- Clinical Pharmacy II (2+3)
صيدلة إكلينيكية

Therapeutics; cardiology, internal medicine, rheumatology and
hematology, oncology, neurology and psychiatry. Case studied and
monitoring.

5412- Health policies (Essay) (2+0)
سياسات صحية (مقال)

Information storage, retrieval and use, essential drug list, Rational
drug use, National drug policy knowledge, Health profession acts and
regulations, Medicines and regulatory acts, Introduction to drug/product
registration, Ethical issues in product promotion.

ELECTIVES- 5221

A- Selected topics in drug design, elective (2+2.5)

مقرر اختياري (موضوعات مختارة في تصميم الأدوية(
Introduction to the fundamentals of drug design.

Selected topics in medicinal chemistry, the subject matter being drawn from the current literature.

B- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing , elective (2+2.5)

مقرر اختياري (تصنيع دوائي)

Problems encountered during manufacture of various pharmaceutical
dosage forms and their treatments. Modern challenges in pharmaceutical
industry in different areas, design and scaling up problems.

C- Selected topics in Pharmacology, elective (2+2.5)

مقرر اختياري (موضوعات مختارة في علم الأدوية)

Nonadrenergic noncholinergic transmission, drugs in liver and renal diseases, gene therapy and immunotherapy.

D- Selected topics in Forensic Pharmacognosy, elective (2+2.5)

مقرر إختياري (موضوعات مختارة في العقاقير الشرعية)

Plants and natural products that constitute potential health hazards.
Drug dependence narcotic analgesics, psychoenergetics and hallucinogens
of plant origin. Mycotoxins as serious threat to general health and
safety of the community. Hairs and fibers as significant evidence in
crime investigation.

ELECTIVES- 5222

A- Selected topics in Pharmaceutics, elective (2+2.5)

مقرر اختياري (موضوعات مختارة في الصيدلانيات)

Drug targeting, Novel drug delivery system, Pharmaceutical biotechnology, Radiopharmaceutics, Veterinary pharmacy.

B- geological technology and genetic engineering, elective (2+2.5)

مقرر اختياري (هندسة وراثية وتكنولوجيا بيولوجية)

The principles and practice of environmental , medical , food and
beverage biotechnology, Discussion and presentations on genetic
engineering dealing with safety, social , moral and ethical
considerations.

C- Selected topics in Pharmaceutical Analysis, elective (2+2.5)

مقرر اختياري (موضوعات مختارة في الكيمياء التحليلية الصيدلية)

Theory and practice of selected modern methods used in pharmaceutical
analysis and analysis of biological samples. A study of the methods used
to determine stability characteristics of drugs.

D- Herbal Medicine, elective (2+2.5)

مقرر اختياري (طب الأعشاب)

The problem arising from lack of professional knowledge about drugs and
the impact of herbal remedies on drug discovery. Guidelines for the
phytochemical and biological screening of medicinal utilized in folk
medicine and for registration of herbal remedies will be considered.

طبعاً هذا فقط نموذج وتختلف المناهج من كلية إلى كلية ولكن الأساسيات متشابهة تقريباً

عضو سوبر

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

جزاكم الله خير
شكرا جزيلا

عضو مميز

يا حي يا قيوم برحمتك أستغيث
لا تكلني إلى نفسي طرفة عين
وأصلح لي شاني كله

وصلى الله وسلم وبارك على سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وأصحابه
بارك الله فيك
وجزاك خيراً

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